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Domanda
Qual è la neuroscienza dietro il morso di una vedova nera?
Risposte
02/14/2022
Potter Guerra
The main active ingredient in Black Widow venom is alpha-latrotoxin (a-LTX) . When you are bit by a spider the venom enters your blood stream and a-LTX acts upon cholinergic motor neurons in the periphery. Ultimately this results in ACh release. There are two main ways the venom does this:
A) Latrotoxin can bind to the pre-synaptic membranes of the cholinergic neurons. Once it has done so, it forms a pore that allows various ions to flow into the axon terminal. Calcium is one of the ions that flows through, and this causes vesicle binding to the membrane, and subsequent exocytosis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).
B) G-protein coupled Latrophillin receptors can be affected by the toxin. When a-LTX binds to the receptor, various second messengers become activated, one of which is Protein Kinase C. When Protein Kinase C is activated, it phosphorylates SNARE proteins (the vesicle docking proteins), and this results in the exocytosis of ACh.
The net result is a massive release of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. Muscle cramps and spasms are typically experienced when one is bit by a Black Widow spider, and this makes sense because ACh is the main neurotransmitter used for the activation of skeletal muscle at neuromuscular junctions.
Ilgiardino.wiki
The main active ingredient in Black Widow venom is alpha-latrotoxin (a-LTX) . When you are bit by a spider the venom enters your blood stream and a-LTX acts upon cholinergic motor neurons in the periphery. Ultimately this results in ACh release. There are two main ways the venom does this:
A) Latrotoxin can bind to the pre-synaptic membranes of the cholinergic neurons. Once it has done so, it forms a pore that allows various ions to flow into the axon terminal. Calcium is one of the ions that flows through, and this causes vesicle binding to the membrane, and subsequent exocytosis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).
B) G-protein coupled Latrophillin receptors can be affected by the toxin. When a-LTX binds to the receptor, various second messengers become activated, one of which is Protein Kinase C. When Protein Kinase C is activated, it phosphorylates SNARE proteins (the vesicle docking proteins), and this results in the exocytosis of ACh.
The net result is a massive release of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. Muscle cramps and spasms are typically experienced when one is bit by a Black Widow spider, and this makes sense because ACh is the main neurotransmitter used for the activation of skeletal muscle at neuromuscular junctions.
Sources:
Latrotoxin
Mechanisms of alpha-latrotoxin action.
ADGRL1 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 [Homo sapiens (human)]