Domanda
Recentemente ho trovato un sacco di formiche carpentiere morte in un punto specifico della mia stanza, proprio sotto un piccolo foro nel telaio della mia finestra. Non ho usato nessun insetticida di recente. Perché queste formiche scaricano i loro morti sul mio pavimento?
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Questo non è affatto un buon segno vi dirò esattamente cosa sta succedendo. Questo significa che la regina si è accoppiata con i droni di posta che ora è fertile e pronta a deporre un miliardo di uova. Questo significa che i droni maschi che sono stati fatti esclusivamente per l'accoppiamento.
Ora sono stati giustiziati correttamente e il loro corpo scartato. Un'altra parola: c'è un nido che sta crescendo nel tuo muro! E si sta ingrandendo.
Se non conosci già il termidor e il fipronil e non hai le conoscenze per applicarlo è ora di chiamare il disinfestatore!
Ants are really clean insects.
They’re always grooming each other or “tidying up” their nest in one way or another. This includes disposing of their dead.
Ant “graveyard” - Flickr
From what you’ve said, it seems like the ants have decided that your room is a perfect spot for this “graveyard” of sorts.
Now, there’s your answer. But what’s even cooler is the science behind it.
In a 2014 study, researchers discovered that death rates increased dramatically in ant colonies that could not dispose of dead nestmates.
The ants in colonies that couldn't remove corpses didn't fare as well. By the end of the 50-day experiment, mortality had more than doubled in the corpse-littered colonies, from 6 percent to 13 percent. To Stay Alive, Ants Dump Their Dead
Now, this should be pretty obvious. Humans have known for centuries that the dead are deadly. Rotting corpses aren’t good for anyone’s health. (Unless, of course, you’re a carrion fly maggot. But I digress.) What’s so impressive?
Ants have known this for millions of years without the reasoning skills inherent in a big brain.
https://invbrain.neuroinf.jp/modules/htmldocs/IVBPF/Ant/Ant_brain.html
For reference, a human brain contains about 100,000,000,000 brain cells. [1] Those of ants only contain around 250,000. (of course, this varies among the 14,000+ species of ants.)
So, how do they detect dead if they can’t even “think” like us?
Like anything else in the ant world, using chemicals!
Dead ants release a compound called oleic acid. This tells the living of the corpse’s presence and that it needs to be removed.
A simplified chemical structure of oleic acid - PubChem
The world’s expert on ants and their communication, EO Wilson, discovered this and published his findings in 1958.[2]
He talked about it in a 2008 appearance with NOVA:
My favorite find was how ants notice that a fellow ant is dead. It’s not enough for the ant to be lying still with his legs sticking up in the air. It has to have a certain decomposition substance that it only gets after a couple days. That turned out to be oleic acid. You can put oleic acid on a perfectly healthy ant and the others will take it out and dump it in the refuse pile… It stays there until it cleans itself off and rejoins the living.
(The full video segment about ant communication)
Serving as a gatekeeper between the living and dead of a colony, oleic acid is just one of the many pheromones used by ants on a daily basis. This function is incredibly necessary to the survival of a colony and can mean life or death for ant colonies. With this in mind, the “death smell” of oleic acid is among the most crucial of all ant pheromones.
Footnotes
[1] Neurons & Synapses - Memory & the Brain - The Human Memory[2] http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/1958/057483.pdf