I’ll tell you the entire PCB designing process at DIY (Do-It-Yourself) level.

• Design the required PCB using any CAD tool you are comfortable with. Mostly prefer CadSoft EAGLE or OrCAD. These are two most widely used CAD tools.
• Extract the design in PDF file in B/W (preferred for better printing).

• Laser-print the actual size file on OHP (overhead projector) sheet which is a transparent plastic sheet. Most of the printer shops have OHP sheets and can provide you direct print on the same.
• You can also do it by photopaper method (I prefer this now). In this case, take the print on photopaper.
• Buy a single layer copper clad PCB from any electronics market. It may be oxidized at some spots. Rub the copper surface gently with scrubber or sandpaper to remove the oxidized copper off the plate. (Do this only if there are major oxidized parts.)

• OHP method:
  • Place the printed OHP sheet on copper plate with the printed surface touching the copper surface. Place a rough white paper above it to avoid direct melting of plastic due to heat. Place an iron (preferable electronic iron with temperature threshold feature) on the paper and apply pressure on each part of the plate with intervals of few seconds. Stop the process when the tracks are about to smudge.
• Photopaper method:
  • Place photopaper on copper plate with the printed surface touching copper surface. Directly place an iron on it and apply pressure until you see several yellowish marks on the white photopaper. Stop the process.
• Allow the copper plate to cool down. Once it’s cooled, remove the OHP paper / photopaper and you’re ready for chemical process.

• Buy FeCl3 or CuCl3 from pharmacist or electronics market if it’s available with them. Mix a small amount of chemical with the water in a plastic tray. Put water before adding chemical, enough that the PCB immerses in it. Allow the substitution reaction to occur.

• Once, it’s done, buy acetone from pharmacist and apply it with cotton on the PCB plate to remove all the black tracks.

• Buy 0.6–0.8 mm drill bit from hardware shop or electronics market as per the requirements. Fit it in a hand drill or an electric drill and make required holes in PCB.
• Solder the components perfectly with the help of solder flux (if required).

You can have a look at few of the many designs by me:
https://goo.gl/rWqJHS

Also, we’ve started a venture named Hardware Design Guide to teach this DIY level PCB designing process to students. You can check the website on following link:
Hardware Design Guide

Simple 8 steps to make your own PCB at home:

1. Make a PCB Layout in a designing tool. (Proteus, Eagle)
2. Print the layout on a preferably glossy paper (photograph paper).
3. Bring a copper plated board which is easily available at am electronics store
4. Some anhydrous cupric chloride (CuCl3).
5. Iron the print on the board (copper side) for about 10 mins and the put it into the copper chloride solution for about 20-30 mins so that the copper etches out.
6. Remove the ink( on the PCB TRACKS) using a scrubber.
7. Drill the components holes.Solder your components.
8. And there you have your home-made PCB.