Well, there are many rose species and also many hybrids. There are dozens of kinds of roses, and a good portion of them come in red.

But one thing they do all have in common is that the genus name is Rosa.

The florist roses are hybrids and have Latin names that mention only the genus and the named variety. They don’t have a species name because they’ve been bred from a crossing of one or more species roses, in some cases no one even knows who the original parent species are.

For example Rosa centrifolia is sometimes listed as a species in its own right, but Wikipedia lists it as a hybrid like this: “Rosa × centifolia (complex hybrid possibly containing R. gallica, R. fedtschenkoana, R. moschata, R. canina)”

It gets complicated very quickly, and I will just refer you to Wikipedia beyond that.

40–50 Species are identified here: List of Rosa species

The genus Rosa is subdivided into four subgenera:

• Hulthemia (formerly Simplicifoliae, meaning with single leaves) containing one or two species from southwest Asia, R. persica and Rosa berberifolia which are the only roses without compound leaves or stipules.
• Hesperrhodos (from the Greek for western rose) contains Rosa minutifolia and Rosa stellata, from North America.
• Platyrhodon (from the Greek for flaky rose, referring to flaky bark) with one species from east Asia, Rosa roxburghii (also known as the chestnut rose).
• Rosa (the type subgenus, sometimes incorrectly called Eurosa) containing all the other roses. This subgenus is subdivided into 11 sections.
  • Banksianae – white and yellow flowered roses from China.
  • Bracteatae – three species, two from China and one from India.
  • Caninae – pink and white flowered species from Asia, Europe and North Africa.
  • Carolinae – white, pink, and bright pink flowered species all from North America.
  • Chinensis – white, pink, yellow, red and mixed-color roses from China and Burma.
  • Gallicanae – pink to crimson and striped flowered roses from western Asia and Europe.
  • Gymnocarpae – one species in western North America (Rosa gymnocarpa), others in east Asia.
  • Laevigatae – a single white flowered species from China
  • Pimpinellifoliae – white, pink, bright yellow, mauve and striped roses from Asia and Europe.
  • Rosa (syn. sect. Cinnamomeae) – white, pink, lilac, mulberry and red roses from everywhere but North Africa.
  • Synstylae – white, pink, and crimson flowered roses from all areas.

Just to reiterate, the red roses at the florist were created by cross-breeding one or more of the many listed above including any previous cross-bred hybrids.